Urban Shield A Preparedness Training For Prevention,...

Urban Shield has grown into a preparedness training for prevention, protection, response and recovery in a high-threat and busy urban area. Many people are becoming more and more against the urban shield program, however I think it’s a necessary training program to implement within local law enforcement agencies. It trains law enforcement and the sheriff’s office to prepare for terrorist threats, and how they can respond to threats or attacks without use of the military force. With the numerous events going on in today’s world with alleged attacks from terrorist groups like ISIS to not only the US but to other countries in the world, Urban Shield highly prepares law enforcement to respond to threats. Nobody expected those sudden attacks in†¦show more content†¦Urban Shield is ready for attacks of all kinds, especially situations such as active shooters or terrorism on our own soil. It’s unfortunate we have to worry about attacks like this, but eve r since 9/11 America has been changed. Our security for air travel and border control is far stricter, but nobody seemed to be against that. It was all in response to prevention of another terrorist attack, so by having Urban Shield I believe this kind of training is perfectly justifiable. Which is why it’s important to prepare for any situation that could happen. This kind of training points out week points and things to improve on. It improves communication and teamwork between other agencies. We can’t have a police officer or member of the National Guard to watch over every single school in the United States, so deploying rapid response law enforcement teams is a great alternative. With labs like the Lawrence Livermore lab and huge technological companies that we have in the Silicon Valley, or tapping into the tap water source for schools or homes, these could be targets for terrorism or active shooter situations that are vital and need to be protected. The next attack could happen at any moment, just as we saw two weeks ago in the San Bernardino shooting in Southern California. These kind of things are never expected, which is why giving law enforcement on a local level is a smart thing to do. I believe it’s always

The Theme Of Light And Darkness In Oedipus - 1293 Words

My new question is, was Oedipus blind before he saw the truth or after? When finally accepting the truth the blind prophet mentioned, Oedipus blinds himself because the truth is darkness. When he had his sight, he was blinded by ignorance, and to see the truth was to see the horrors he had committed that caused himself to be blinded both before he saw the truth and after. I suppose in this way, Oedipus is blind throughout the entirety of the play. The theme of light and darkness is relevant beyond the characters. A major plague is the cause for Oedipus’s investigation into Lanius’s murder, and consumes the plot of the first half of the plague. How does the reality of the plague and the theme of light and darkness influence the actions of†¦show more content†¦Upon Oedipus’s return from the interaction with Teiresias, Oedipus accuses his brother-in-law Creon for setting up the meeting with the prophet to kill him, and steal his throne. With no proof of thi s besides his strong dislike for the prophet, he accuses Creon of treason and calls for his execution. Oedipus’s quick judgements are once again in question. Why does Oedipus feel so threatened by Creon, and how does Creon’s responses demonstrate the truth of each character? I have chosen the input of Rebecca Curtis with her book Self-Defeating Behaviors, to further understand the characters.14 With psychological research and evaluation, I want to understand why Oedipus gives such misguided responses to a family member and friend. In relation to Oedipus’s initial accusation, Curtis offers that, â€Å"All too often, incorrect beliefs about other people (social impressions) also lead to self-defeating behaviors.†15 I understand this to mean that as soon as Oedipus displays this misunderstanding of Creon’s character, he was doomed to fail. What is most troubling to me about the conversation between Oedipus and Creon, is Creon’s quote, â€Å"Re ason it out, as I have done,† and proceeds to logically give explanations of his intentions and is willing to forgive Oedipus.16 How can Oedipus respond with the want of Creon’s death? Is this response the most explicit form of inability to sensible evaluate the truth? Oedipus, as previously evaluated, holds the loftyShow MoreRelatedFree Oedipus Essays : Forms Of Light And Darkness1600 Words   |  7 Pages FORMS OF LIGHT AND DARKNESS IN OEDIPUS REX As a key theme in Greek literature, it has been mentioned that truly the only ones who can see are blind. Specifically in the play â€Å"Oedipus Rex†, Sophocles has focused on nurturing the idea that there is no requirement of eyes for having a real sight, as there requires an ability for seeing beyond the dimension of elements. As per Sophocles, one should not have the ability of seeing something, but one must have the ability of understanding it (Eskin,Read MoreThroughout most famous Greek literature, a great hero usually saves the day. In the story of900 Words   |  4 Pagesusually saves the day. In the story of Oedipus though, the good man with one minor flaw goes through great pain. This pain in the play Oedipus Rex is the focal point for the whole play. Almost every aspect of the play builds up and foreshadows Oedipus’ fall from power, and entry into pain. Sophocles in his tragedy Oedipus Rex creates a mood of dramatic irony using the dualities of sight and blindness, and light and darkness. This dramatic irony highlights Oedipus’ hamartia and in doing so SophoclesRead MoreThe Flaws Of Arrogance In Oedipus Rex By Sophocles796 Words   |  4 PagesBenjamin Whichcote once said, â€Å"None are so empty as those who are full of themselves.† The words ring true through the character Oedipus whose tragic flaw of arrogance brought his downfall. In his timeless play, Oedipus Rex, author Sophocles unflinchingly illuminates the haughtiness and hubris displayed by the hero Oedipus. Through his candid exploration of the ship/captain and light/dark motifs, Sophocles makes an effort to ultimately bring the reader to the realization that arrogance creates an illusionRead MoreOedipus The King Theme Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pages Oedipus the King: Themes of Blindness and Sight in the Sophocles Oedipus the King What does it mean to truly see? Do those blessed with normal vision really see? Oedipus the King by Sophocles’ is intertwined with many powerful themes and messages, establishing what real vision and real sight are. Sophocles’ play also demonstrates that sometimes in life we have to experience great loss in order to rediscover our true selves. In Oedipus’s quest for truth, lack of self-control, ignoranceRead MoreOedipus, A Liar, By Sophocles839 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, Oedipus remains blind throughout the play, both figuratively and literally. The play is about a man named Oedipus whose fate is to kill his father and marry his mother. His biological parents, knowing about the Oedipus’ prophecy, abandons him, and continue with their lives. However, Oedipus is saved, but spends his life running away from his adoptive parents (who he believed to be his biological parents), afraid that the prophecy may come true. As the audienceRead MoreOedipus Rex1350 Words   |  6 PagesGreek Tragedy The Greek drama Oedipus Rex is clearly a tragedy. It definitely meets the five main criteria for a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw, a fall from grace, a moment of remorse, and catharsis. Interestingly, even though Oedipus the King came before Poetics, Sophocles’ play illustrates Aristotle’s rules for classical drama. Oedipus the King particularly displays a tragic emotion, a tragic character, and a tragic fall. Aristotle also writes that such a drama ought to haveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Oedipus, A Play Written By Sophocles1553 Words   |  7 Pagesconvey dramatic irony through diction that symbolizes something to the audience. Oedipus, a play written by Sophocles, contains numerous accounts where the author uses words to convey a deeper truth about characters and their experiences. Sight, light, blindness, and darkness all have a literal meaning, but when placed into this play, with its intricate plot, they express the dramatic ironies that unfold between Oedipus and his past. Greek tragedies are known to use language that expresses the deeperRead MoreLight And Darkness In Oedipus Rex1467 Words   |  6 Pagesforms of light and darkness. To the ancient Greeks, whether one is in darkness or light is determined by their ability to see spiritually, which they believed the physically blind were capable of. This contrast between spiritual sight and mere physical sight is a major theme in Oedipus Rex, the Greek tragedy written by the legendary Sophocles, a Greek playwright so skilled that he won the Festival of Dionysus approximately twenty times with his masterfully crafted tragedies (Buller). Oedipus Rex isRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus Oedipus The King 1152 Words   |  5 Pages The theme of sight and blindness is undoubtedly important to notice while reading Oedipus the King. The number of times the words â€Å"see† or â€Å"blind† are in the play make it make it undeniably obvious that they are significant. The theme is developed throughout the dialogue, through characters such as Tiresias and Oedipus, and also directly in the irony of the play. It is important in a play about the truth because almost every character was â€Å"blind† to the truth. All of the characters, except oneRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus Rex1024 Words   |  5 Pages In the play â€Å"Oedipus Rex† by Sophocles, the story revolves around the central theme of prophecy, and forces the reader to seriously consider the extent to which the protagonist’s doom is dependent upon his own free will or is predetermined by fate. In the story, Oedipus was not a victim of only his actions or only his fate, but his actions and fatal flaws did affect the path that he took to his demise, through his pride/ignorance/temper, his unquenchable thirst for knowledge, and his cowardice

Internal And External Compensation Of An Operational AmplifierÂÂ

Question: Discuss the internal and external compensation of an operational amplifier? Answer: Introduction Operational amplifier has the ideal frequency response of gain for a set of pre-defined frequencies. Since op amps work with the feedback, there will be certain problems associated with the feedback, especially positive feedback that result in instability and noise and they can be compensated with the compensation techniques. Ideal response The ideal response of the operational amplifier is given as below. Figure: Frequency response of ideal op-amp differentiator(blue), integrator(red) and amplifier(gold). Gain In single pole systems, gain keeps on increasing and it results in decreasing the bandwidth proportionally with the same factor. When it comes to the two pole or double pole, the gain exceeds the gain of the single-pole op-amps. The difference in the gain is seen for all the frequencies or wider range. Roll off Op amp has the frequency response, where the signals are amplified for certain frequencies and attenuated for the rest of frequencies. The point at which the signal is started attenuating and where the response falls slowly to zero, is called roll off. The roll off point will be reduced with compensation for the op amps. Compensation is one process, which is applied to make an op amp that is close to perfect in operation. It is done my making use of RC network, as a judicious patch to the circuit. There is multiple compensation schemes developed and used in the industry. The objective of compensation of an op amp is to gain stability. Compensation can roll off the high frequency of the op amps. Internal Compensation Miller Effect Compensation Circuit: Miller effect compensation circuit Internal compensation can be obtained in many ways and one of the ways is done using a capacitor. For a voltage gain transistor, a capacitor is connected across a collector base junction. The capacitor value is multiplied by Miller effect to stage gain. The closed loop gain obtained is unity or higher unity. Usage The reason internal compensation is done to the op amps are for saving the external components. It allows less knowledgeable users or novice users to use the op amps with fewer complications. However, there are certain applications instructions are to be used to make the op amps to be internally compensated and become stable. Though these are multiple pole systems, they appear to be single pole system with internal compensation, for wider range of frequency. We should not use the op amps with the internal compensation in certain circuits. These should not be used with the some of the negative feedback circuits, as it would result in high frequency instability. Problems The internally compensated op amps are stable, but conditionally. Internal compensation minimizes the closed-loop bandwidth to a best possible extent for the op amps. This is the main feedback of the internal compensation of the op amps. External Compensation External compensation is implemented with more op amps, where the closed loop gain achieved is much higher than unity. Why we use it The primary reason for implementing the external compensation is to gain the stability of the op amp circuit by preventing the oscillations. The other reasons, why we tend to use the external compensated op amps are noise reduction, highest possible bandwidth, flat amplitude response. Types of Compensation Techniques Gain Compensation Lead Compensation In-the-loop compensation Out-of-the-loop compensation Lead compensation Lead-lag compensation Feed-forward compensation Problems Compensation can provide fair level of guarantee of stability of the output. However, any kind of technique used in compensation, especially with the external components, there is quite possibility of the instability at certain higher frequencies, as the gain is increased beyond unity. The same problem can also lead to certain noise level, especially, at higher frequencies. Conclusion Op-amps need compensation for optimum operation, in order to give closer frequency response, in ideal condition. The gain varies from single-pole and two-pole systems. Roll off is an important point, where the bandwidth is calculated, accordingly. Internal compensation is implemented rarely during the design for ready to use and external compensation techniques are often used for optimum operation of the op-amps. Internal compensation is discussed in terms of when to use and when not to use. Later external compensation is discussed with the techniques and the associated problems with the same. References Jacob Millman,Microelectronics: Digital and Analog Circuits and Systems, McGraw-Hill, 1979 Lee, Thomas H. (November 18, 2002)."IC Op-Amps Through the Ages"(PDF). Stanford UniversityHandout ung, Walter G. (2004). "Chapter 8: Op Amp History".Op Amp Applications Handbook. Newnes Sergio Franco, 2014, Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits; 4th Ed;; McGraw Hill

Martin free essay sample

Martin, a behavior analyst, is working with Sara, a 14-year-old girl with severe developmental delays who exhibits self-injurious behavior (SIB). The self-injurious behaviors included pulling her hair, biting her arm and banging her head against the wall. After conducting a functional analysis, Martin decided to employ an intervention program consisting of differential reinforcement of other (DRO) desired behavior. Martin collected data on Saras SIB before and during the intervention. Below is a depiction of the data that Martin collected: Sara’s Frequency of SIB BASELINE Occurrences DRO Occurrences 22 5 25 5 27 3 26 2 Address the following questions, and complete the following requirements: 1. Create a basic line graph using Microsoft Excel, to be included in your Word document. The graph should depict the data provided in this case study. You should only need to create one graph, with SIB depicted, both in baseline and in intervention. 2. What type of research design did Martin employ when working with Sara? The research design that Martin implemented when working with Sara is the A-B Design. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The A-B Design has just two phases: baseline and treatment, where A = baseline and B = treatment (Miltenberger, p. 47). An A-B Design is used in ABA research and can be used to compare a baseline and treatment method to determine whether the behavior changed in the expected way after treatment. According to the data, did the intervention that Martin selected work in modifying Saras self-injurious behavior? Based on the information on the graph, at baseline, the score or rate of biting, hair pulling and head banging was 22, 25, 27 and 26, respectively. Thus, a significant deduction is reflected in the data at intervention with scores or rates at 5, 5, 3 and 2 respectively. Basically, on a line graph as the scores on the Y axis increase, those on the X axis decreased. 1. Martin had considered using an ABAB reversal design when working with Sara. What are some ethical implications of selecting a reversal design when working with the type of behavior problems that Sara was exhibiting? A number of considerations must be taken into account when deciding to use ABAB. Some ethical implications when selecting a reversal design such as ABAB when working with the type of behavior problems that Sara exhibiting is â€Å"it may not be ethical to remove the treatment in the second baseline if the behavior is dangerous (e. g. , self-injurious behavior)† (p. 50). â€Å"Second, you must be fairly certain that the level of the behavior will reverse when treatment is withdrawn. If the behavior fails to change when the treatment is withdrawn, a functional relationship is not demonstrated† (p. 50). A number of considerations must be taken into account in deciding whether to use the A-B-A-B research design. First, it may not be ethical to remove the treatment in the second baseline if the behavior is dangerous (e. g. , self-injurious behavior). Second, you must be fairly certain that the level of the behavior will reverse when treatment is withdrawn. If the behavior fails to change when the treatment is withdrawn, a functional relationship is not demonstrated. Another consideration is whether you can actually remove the treatment after it is implemented. For example, if the treatment is a teaching procedure and the subject learns a new behavior, you cannot take away the learning that took place. (For a more detailed discussion of considerations in the use of the A-B-A-B design, see Bailey [1977], Bailey and Burch [2002], Barlow and Hersen [1984], Gast [2009], and Kazdin [2010]. ) From an ethical perspective, Hastings and Noone (2005) explain some ethical implications associated with the ABAB design. They acknowledge research that shows behavior modification procedures can lead to effective outcomes; a large number of single cases studies report treatment of severe behavioral problems (p. 336). However, they cite a key concern in behavior modification practices, particularly with the ABAB design. For example, according to Hastings and Noone, the emergence of behavior from the same response class could lead to another self-injury or problem behavior. In addition, treatment fidelity is an ethical concern related to the extent to which a program or measure is implicated accurately. Further, they cite a number of other ethical principles including using the least restrict measures when working with persons with disabilities. They assert that although punishment measures are not ruled out, the researcher is encouraged to select the most socially-valued outcome focused on three basic components: (a) the significance of the treatment, (b) the acceptability of the treat, and (c) the effectiveness. They assert that since the Behavior Analysts Certification Board (BAC B) that sets guidelines for responsible conduct of behavioral analysts are not clear; researchers and practitioners are to practice based on the understanding that the dignity of the participant(s) will be maintained There may be an increase in the negative behavior. For example, Ayllon Arzin (1980) as cited in Christensen Sanders (1987) expanded the A-B design to an A-B-A-B, or reversal design that allows the researcher to confirm a treatment effect by with changes of no treatment at baseline. They found that relative to the change that took place with the first treatment (B) when treatment was withdrawn from the second base line (A), it was difficult to assess the change as in the case of Ayllon Arzin; the treatment actually increased the negative behavior. 3. Martins supervisor requested this graph of the data he collected when working with Sara. Why are graphs useful in evaluating behavioral change? The frequency of the self-injurious behavior (e. g. , biting, hair pulling, banging of head) is represented on the Y axis, and the number of observation (e. g. days, minutes, frequency, etc. ) is represented on the X axis. The graph is easier to follow and the graph provides a good visual to the individuals habit. 4. Discuss what a functional relationship is and how an ABA professional would use his/her understanding of functional relationships when designing an intervention. Identify whether the graph that your created using the data provided in this section depicts a functional relationship. A functional relationship is when a researcher shows that a behavior modification procedure causes a target behavior to change (p. 47). How an ABA professional would use his/her understanding of functional relationships when designing an intervention. The way in which an ABA professional would use his/her understanding of functional relationships when designing an intervention is that the design should involve both treatment implemented and replication. The research design that Martin implemented when working with Sara is the A-B Design. The A-B Design is a two phase design consisting of baseline phase (A) and treatment phase (B). It allows for evaluation of pre-intervention and intervention problem status.